TENSE

                                                                                TENSE

Tense – Tense is the form of the verb that/which express the time and state of action.

                                There are three kinds of tense –

1.       Present Tense

2.       Past Tense

3.       Future Tense

Present Tense – The verb which shows an action in present time is said to be present tense.

                                There are four kinds of present tense –

a)      Present Indefinite Tense

Or, Simple Present Tense

b)     Present Imperfect Tense

Or, Present Continuous Tense

Or, Present Progressive Tense

c)      Present Perfect Tense

d)     Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Simple Present Tense – The verb which shows an action which is done in present time with general motion is called simple present tense.

                                Rules of recognition –

                                                If there is ta hai, ti hai, te hain, te ho, to hoon, ti hoon or ta, te, ti, etc in the last of the main verb in a sentence. It is considered to be simple present tense.

                                 

ⓐ    Affirmative Sentence of Simple Present Tense –

Formula –

S + v¹/v⁵ + O + C

ⓑ    Negative Sentence of Simple Present Tense –

Formula –

S + do/does + not + v¹/v⁵ + O + C

ⓒ    Affirmative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Simple Present Tense –

Formula –

Do/Does + S + v¹ + O + C + ?

ⓓ    Negative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Simple Present Tense –

Formula –

Do/Does + S + not + v¹ + O + C + ?

ⓔ    Affirmative Sentence of Wh. Question of Simple Present Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + Do/Does + S + v¹ + O + C + ?

ⓕ    Negative Sentence of Wh. Question of Simple Present Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + Do/Does + S + not + v¹ + O + C + ?

Present Progressive Tense – The verb which shows an action which is being done in present time is called Present Progressive Tense.

                                Rules of recognition –

                                                If there is raha hai, rahi hai, rahe hain, rahe ho, raha hoon, rahi hoon, etc in the last of the main verb in a sentence. It is considered to be present progressive tense.

                                 

ⓐ    Affirmative Sentence of Present Progressive Tense –

Formula –

S + is/am/are + v⁴ + O + C

ⓑ    Negative Sentence of Present Progressive Tense –

Formula –

S + is/am/are + not + v⁴ + O + C

ⓒ    Affirmative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Present Progressive Tense –

Formula –

Is/am/are + S + v⁴ + O + C + ?

ⓓ    Negative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Present Progressive Tense –

Formula –

Is/am/are + S + not + v⁴ + O + C + ?

ⓔ    Affirmative Sentence of Wh. Question of Present Progressive Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + is/am/are + S + v⁴ + O + C + ?

ⓕ    Negative Sentence of Wh. Question of Present Progressive Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + is/am/are + S + not + v¹ + O + C + ?

Present Perfect Tense – The verb which shows an action which has already been done in present time is called present perfect tense.

                                Rules of recognition –

                                                If there is chuka hai, chuki hai, chuke hain, chuke ho, chukka hoon, chuki hoon, or ya hai, yi hai, ye ho, yi hoon, ya hoon etc in the last of the main verb in a sentence. It is considered to be present perfect tense.

                                 

ⓐ    Affirmative Sentence of Present Perfect Tense –

Formula –

S + have/has + v³ + O + C

ⓑ    Negative Sentence of Present Perfect Tense –

Formula –

S + have/has + not + v³ + O + C

ⓒ    Affirmative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Present Perfect Tense –

Formula –

Have/has + S + v³ + O + C + ?

ⓓ    Negative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Present Perfect Tense –

Formula –

Have/has + S + not + v³ + O + C + ?

ⓔ    Affirmative Sentence of Wh. Question of Present Perfect Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + have/has + S + v³ + O + C + ?

ⓕ    Negative Sentence of Wh. Question of Present Perfect Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + has/have + S + not + v³ + O + C + ?

Present Perfect Continuous Tense – The verb which shows an action having started before and continuous even in present time is called present perfect continuous tense.

                                Rules of recognition –

                                                If there is ta aa raha hai, ti aa rahi hai, te aa rahe hain, tea a rahe ho,ta aa raha hoon, ti aa rahi hoon, or, ta raha hai, ti rahi hai, te rahe hain, te rahe ho, ti rahi hoon, ta raha hoon etc in the last of the main verb in a sentence. It is considered to be present perfect continuous tense.

                                 

ⓐ    Affirmative Sentence of Present Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

S + have/has + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/since + time (if there be)

ⓑ    Negative Sentence of Present Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

S + have/has + not + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/since + time

ⓒ    Affirmative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Present Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

Have/has + S + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/since + time +?

ⓓ    Negative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Present Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

Have/has + S + not + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/since + time +?

ⓔ    Affirmative Sentence of Wh. Question of Present Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + have/has + S + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/since + time +?

ⓕ    Negative Sentence of Wh. Question of Present Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + has/have + S + not + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/since + time + ?

Past Tense – The verb which shows an action in present time is said to be past tense.

                                There are four kinds of present tense –

e)      Past Indefinite Tense

Or, Simple Past Tense

f)       Past Imperfect Tense

Or, Past Continuous Tense

Or, Past Progressive Tense

g)      Past Perfect Tense

h)     Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Simple Past Tense – The verb which shows an action which was done in past time with general motion is called simple past tense.

                                Rules of recognition –

                                                If there is ta tha, tit hi, te the or ya, yi, ye etc in the last of the main verb in a sentence. It is considered to be simple past tense.

                                 

ⓐ    Affirmative Sentence of Simple Past Tense –

Formula –

S + v² + O + C

ⓑ    Negative Sentence of Simple Past Tense –

Formula –

S + did + not + v¹ + O + C

ⓒ    Affirmative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Simple Past Tense –

Formula –

Did + S + v¹ + O + C + ?

ⓓ    Negative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Simple Past Tense –

Formula –

Did + S + not + v¹ + O + C + ?

ⓔ    Affirmative Sentence of Wh. Question of Simple Past Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + Did + S + v¹ + O + C + ?

ⓕ    Negative Sentence of Wh. Question of Simple Past Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + Did + S + not + v¹ + O + C + ?

Past Progressive Tense – The verb which shows an action which was being done in past time is called Past Progressive Tense.

                                Rules of recognition –

                                                If there is raha tha, rahi thi, rahe the, etc in the last of the main verb in a sentence. It is considered to be past progressive tense.

                                 

ⓐ    Affirmative Sentence of Past Progressive Tense –

Formula –

S + was/were + v⁴ + O + C

ⓑ    Negative Sentence of Past Progressive Tense –

Formula –

S + was/were + not + v⁴ + O + C

ⓒ    Affirmative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Past Progressive Tense –

Formula –

Was/were + S + v⁴ + O + C + ?

ⓓ    Negative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Past Progressive Tense –

Formula –

Was/were + S + not + v⁴ + O + C + ?

ⓔ    Affirmative Sentence of Wh. Question of Past Progressive Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + was/were + S + v⁴ + O + C + ?

ⓕ    Negative Sentence of Wh. Question of Past Progressive Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + was/were + S + not + v¹ + O + C + ?

Past Perfect Tense – The verb which shows an action which had already been done in past time is called past perfect tense.

                                Rules of recognition –

                                                If there is chuka tha, chuki thi, chuke the, or ya tha, yi thi, ye the, etc in the last of the main verb in a sentence. It is considered to be past perfect tense.

                                 

ⓐ    Affirmative Sentence of Past Perfect Tense –

Formula –

a.       S + had + v³ + O + C

b.       S₁ + had + v³ + before + S₂ + v²

c.       S₂ + v² + after + S₁ + had + v³

ⓑ    Negative Sentence of Past Perfect Tense –

Formula –

S + had + not + v³ + O + C

ⓒ    Affirmative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Past Perfect Tense –

Formula –

Had + S + v³ + O + C + ?

ⓓ    Negative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Past Perfect Tense –

Formula –

Had + S + not + v³ + O + C + ?

ⓔ    Affirmative Sentence of Wh. Question of Past Perfect Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + had + S + v³ + O + C + ?

ⓕ    Negative Sentence of Wh. Question of Past Perfect Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + had + S + not + v³ + O + C + ?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense – The verb which shows an action having started before and continued in past time is called past perfect continuous tense.

                                Rules of recognition –

                                                If there is ta aa raha tha, ti aa rahi thi, te aa rahe the or ti rahi thi,ta raha tha, te rahe the, etc in the last of the main verb in a sentence. It is considered to be past perfect continuous tense.

                                 

ⓐ    Affirmative Sentence of Past Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

S + had + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/since + time (if there be)

ⓑ    Negative Sentence of Past Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

S + had + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/since + time

ⓒ    Affirmative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Past Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

Had + S + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/since + time +?

ⓓ    Negative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Past Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

Had + S + not + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/since + time +?

ⓔ    Affirmative Sentence of Wh. Question of Past Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + had + S + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/since + time +?

ⓕ    Negative Sentence of Wh. Question of Past Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + had + S + not + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/since + time + ?

Future Tense – The verb which shows an action in coming time is said to be present tense.

                                There are four kinds of present tense –

i)       Future Indefinite Tense

Or, Simple Future Tense

j)       Future Imperfect Tense

Or, Future Continuous Tense

Or, Future Progressive Tense

k)     Future Perfect Tense

l)       Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Simple Future Tense – The verb which shows an action which will be done in coming time with general motion is called simple future tense.

                                Rules of recognition –

                                                If there is ga, ge, gi, etc in the last of the main verb in a sentence. It is considered to be simple future tense.

                                 

ⓐ    Affirmative Sentence of Simple Future Tense –

Formula –

S + shall/will + v¹ + O + C

ⓑ    Negative Sentence of Simple Future Tense –

Formula –

S + shall/will + not + v¹ + O + C

ⓒ    Affirmative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Simple Future Tense –

Formula –

Shall/will + S + v¹ + O + C + ?

ⓓ    Negative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Simple Future Tense –

Formula –

Shall/will + S + not + v¹ + O + C + ?

ⓔ    Affirmative Sentence of Wh. Question of Simple Future Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + shall/will + S + v¹ + O + C + ?

ⓕ    Negative Sentence of Wh. Question of Simple Future Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + shall/will + S + not + v¹ + O + C + ?

Future Progressive Tense – The verb which shows an action which will be doing in coming time is called Future Progressive Tense.

                                Rules of recognition –

                                                If there is ta rahega, ti rahegi, te rahenge, te rahoge, ta rahunga, ti rahungi, etc in the last of the main verb in a sentence. It is considered to be future progressive tense.

                                 

ⓐ    Affirmative Sentence of Future Progressive Tense –

Formula –

S + shall/will + be + v⁴ + O + C

ⓑ    Negative Sentence of Future Progressive Tense –

Formula –

S + shall/will + not + be + v⁴ + O + C

ⓒ    Affirmative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Future Progressive Tense –

Formula –

Shall/will + S + be + v⁴ + O + C + ?

ⓓ    Negative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Future Progressive Tense –

Formula –

Shall/will + S + not + be + v⁴ + O + C + ?

ⓔ    Affirmative Sentence of Wh. Question of Future Progressive Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + shall/will + S + be + v⁴ + O + C + ?

ⓕ    Negative Sentence of Wh. Question of Future Progressive Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + shall/will + S + not + be + v⁴ + O + C + ?

Future Perfect Tense – The verb which shows an action which will have been done in coming time is called future perfect tense.

                                Rules of recognition –

                                                If there is chukega, chukegi, chukenge, chukoge, chukunga, chukungi, etc in the last of the main verbs in a sentences, they are considered to be future perfect tense.

                                 

ⓐ    Affirmative Sentence of Future Perfect Tense –

Formula –

a.       S + shall/will + have + v³ + O + C

b.       S₁ + shall/will + have + v³ + before + S₂ + v¹/v⁵

ⓑ    Negative Sentence of Future Perfect Tense –

Formula –

S + shall/will + not + v³ + O + C

ⓒ    Affirmative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Future Perfect Tense –

Formula –

Shall/will + S + have + v³ + O + C + ?

ⓓ    Negative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Future Perfect Tense –

Formula –

Shall/will + S + not + have + v³ + O + C + ?

ⓔ    Affirmative Sentence of Wh. Question of Future Perfect Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + shall/will + S + have + v³ + O + C + ?

ⓕ    Negative Sentence of Wh. Question of Future Perfect Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + shall/will + S + have + not + have + v³ + O + C + ?

Future Perfect Continuous Tense – The verb which shows an action having started before and will have been doing in coming time is called future perfect continuous tense.

                                Rules of recognition –

                                                If there is ta raha hoga, ti rahi hogi, te rahe honge, te rahe hoge, ta raha haunga, ti rahi haungi, etc in the last of the main verbs in a sentence they are considered to be future perfect continuous tense.

                                 

ⓐ    Affirmative Sentence of Future Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

S + shall/will + have + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/from + time (if there be)

ⓑ    Negative Sentence of Future Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

S + shall/will + have + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/from + time

ⓒ    Affirmative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Future Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

Shall/will + S + have + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/from + time +?

ⓓ    Negative Sentence of Yes-No Question of Future Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

Shall/will + S + not + have + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/from + time +?

ⓔ    Affirmative Sentence of Wh. Question of Future Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + shall/will + S + have + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/from + time +?

ⓕ    Negative Sentence of Wh. Question of Future Perfect Continuous Tense –

Formula –

Wh. Words + shall/will + S + not + have + been + v⁴ + O + C + for/from + time + ?