VOICE

                                                                            VOICE

Voice – Generally voice means sound. But in English grammar it has a special meaning. In English grammar voice shows the mutual relationship between subject and verb.

                                                There are two kinds of verb –

a)      Active voice (A.V.)

b)     Passive voice (P.V.)

Active voice – A verb is in the active voice when the person or thing denoted by the subject is the doer of the action.

                e.g. –

·         They make fun of me.

·         Someone is breaking the window.

·         They have won the match.

·         I have been writing a letter for fifteen minutes.

·         They fixed a mark on the wall.

·         They were digging a well before the garden.

·         They had dug a well.

·         We had been helping Yugant for seven years.

·         We shall help him with money.

·         Boys will be playing football in the evening.

·         He will have finished his work by evening.

·         Yugant will have been running a library in his colony from 2019.

·         Do they paint these pictures?

·         Were they helping the poor?

·         Will you help me in the lurch?

·         Who killed Ravan?

·         What do you do?

·         How do you write an essay?

·         Where did they play Tennis?

·         Close the window.

·         Help the poor.

·         Please give me your bicycle.

·         Let me do this work.

·         Let’s dance.

·         People say that he is an honest man.

·         God helps those who help themselves.

Passive voice –A verb is in the passive voice when the person or thing denoted by the subject is the receiver of the action.

                e.g. –

·         Fun of me is made by them.

·         The window is being broken.

·         The match has been won by them.

·         A letter has been being written by me for fifteen minutes.

·         A mark was fixed on the wall by them.

·         A well was being dug by them before the garden.

·         A well had been dug by them.

·         Yugant had been being helped by us for several years.

·         He will be helped by us with money.

·         Football will be being played by boys in the morning.

·         His work will have been finished by him by evening.

·         A library in his colony will have been being run by Yugant from 2019.

·         Are these pictures painted by them?

·         Were the poor being helped by them?

·         Shall I be helped in the lurch by you?

·         By whom was Ravan killed?

·         What is done by you?

·         How is an essay written by you?

·         Where was Tennis played by them?

·         Let the window be closed.

·         The poor should be helped.

·         You are requested to give me your bicycle.

·         Let this work done by me.

·         It is suggested that we should dance.

·         It is said that he is an honest man.

·         Those who help themselves should be helped.

Formulae of different tenses – 

                                Present tense –

Simple present tense –

                Formula –

                                O + is/am/are + v³ + by + agent

                                e.g. –

                                                The Germans speak their languages.

                                                ~Their languages are spoken by the Germans.

                                                He loves Sita.

                                                ~Sita is loved by him.

                                                She teaches me.

                                                ~I am taught by her.

                                                Mohan looks after this old woman.

                                                ~This old woman is looked by Mohan.

                                                We need nothing here.

                                                ~Nothing is needed here.

                                                We pay them well.

                                                ~They are well paid.

                                                Soni plays this harmonium.

                                                ~This harmonium is played by Soni.

                                                                 

Present progressive tense –

                Formula –

                                O + is/am/are + being + v³ + by + agent

                                e.g. –

                                                They are making fun of me.

                                                ~Fun of me is made by them.

                                                The judge is hearing our case today.

                                                ~Our case is being herd today.

                                                She is teaching me.

                                                ~I am being taught by her.

                                                Mohan is eating a mango.

                                                ~A mango is being eaten by Mohan.

                                                They are making a plan to repair this road.

                                                ~A plan is being made to repair this road.

                                                She is disturbing me.

                                                ~I am being disturbed by her.

                                                He is writing a novel.

                                                ~A novel is being written by him.

                                                Soni is doing some important work.

                                                ~Some important work is being done by Soni.

Present perfect tense –

                Formula –

                                O + has/have + been + v³ + by + agent

                                e.g. –

                                                Somebody has disturbed me.

                                                ~I have been disturbed.

                                                I have invited the C.M.

                                                ~The C.M. has been invited.

                                                You have solved this problem.

                                                ~This problem has been solved by you.

                                                She has sold this flat.

                                                ~This flat has been sold by her.

                                                He has saved my life.

                                                ~My life has been saved by him.

                                                The police have arrested Mr. Sinha.

                                                ~Mr. Sinha has been arrested.

                                                Nobody has seen him since last June.

                                                ~He has not been sent since last June.

                                                 They have posted all the letters.

                                                ~All the letters have been posted.

Present perfect continuous tense –

                Formula –

                                O + has/have + been + being + v³ + by + agent + for/since + time

                                e.g. –

                                                He has been writing a letter for twenty minutes.

                                                ~A letter has been being written by him for twenty minutes.

Past tense –

                Simple past tense –

                                Formula –

                                                O + was/were + v³ + by + agent

                                                e.g. –

                                                                He helped the poor.

                                                                ~The poor were helped.

                                                                She called him a liar.

                                                                ~He was called a liar by him.

                                                                Once Gandhiji visited Champaran.

                                                                ~Once Champaran was visited by Gandhiji.

                                                                She finished the work.

                                                                ~The work was finished by her.

                                                                He built this house in 2008.

                                                                ~This house was built by him in 2008.

                                                                This judge sentenced her to death.

                                                                ~She was sentenced to death.

                                                                Sita invited you.

                                                                ~You were invited by Sita.

                                                                Mohan wrote this letter.

                                                                ~This letter was written by Mohan.

               

                Past progressive tense –

                                Formula –

                                                O + was/were + being + v³ + by + agent

                                                e.g. –

                                                                She was knocking the door.

                                                                ~The door was being knocked by her.

                                                                Sita was making a toy.

                                                                ~A toy was being made by Sita.

                                                                Mohan was writing a letter.

                                                                ~A letter was being written by Mohan.

                                                                Sohan was playing cricket.

                                                                ~Cricket was being played by Sohan.

                                                                John and Tom were helping me.

                                                                ~I was being helped by John and Tom.

                                                                They were demanding some money.

                                                                ~Some money were being demanded by them.

                                                               

Past perfect tense –

                                Formula –

                                                O + had + been + v³ + by + agent

                                                e.g. –

                                                                They had created problems for everybody.

                                                                ~Problems had been created by them for everybody.

                                                                He had eaten rice and curry.

                                                                ~Rice and curry had been eaten by him.

                                                                The police had arrested five robbers.

                                                                ~Five robbers had been arrested.

                                                                The court had issued a summons on you.

                                                                ~A summons had been issued on you.

                                                                I had found him guilty.

                                                                ~He had been found guilty.

                                                                She had finished the work.

                                                                ~The work had been finished by her.

                                                                You had told him to do so.

                                                                ~He had been told to so.

                               

                Past perfect continuous tense –

                                Formula –

                                                O + had + been + been + being + v³ + by + agent + for/since + time

                                                e.g. –

                                                          The government had been providing jobs to the youths for years.

                                                ~Jobs had been being provided to the youths by the government for years.

                                                Or, the youths had been being provided jobs by the government for years.

                                                       The teacher had been teaching the students Chemistry for two hours.

                                           ~the students had been being taught Chemistry by the teacher for two hours.

                                          Or, Chemistry had been being taught to the students by teacher for two hours.

                               

Future tense –

                Simple future tense –

                                Formula –

                                                O + shall/will + be + v³ + by + agent

                                                e.g. –

                                                                I shall help him with money in the lurch.

                                                                ~he will be helped by me with money in the lurch.

                                                                Soni will teach Sonu.

                                                                ~Sonu will be taught by Soni.

                                                                She will do nothing.

                                                                ~nothing will be done by her.

                                                                Hari will do all this.

                                                                ~all this will be done by Hari.

                Future progressive tense –

                                Formula –

                                                O + shall/will + be + being + v³ + by + agent

                                                e.g. –

                                                                We shall be revising all our lessons.

                                                                ~all our lessons will be being revised by us.

                                                               

                Future perfect tense –

                                Formula –

                                                O + shall/will + have + been + v³ + by + agent

                                                e.g. –

                                                                We shall have dug a well in our village by next month.

                                                                ~a well will have been dug by us in our village by next month.

                                                                He will have written five letters.

                                                                ~Five letters will have been written by him.

                                                                The company will have appointed him.

                                                                ~he will have been appointed.

                Future perfect continuous tense –

                                Formula –

                                                O +shall/will + have + been + being + v³ + by + agent + for/from + time

                                                e.g. –

                                                                Yugant will have been teaching all of us from 2075.

                                                                ~all of us will have been being taught by Yugant from 2075.

                                                               

1.       Imperative sentence –

                                Rules of imperative sentences changing into Passive Voice –

                                Order or command –

ⓐ    If there is order or command in the sentence –

Formula –

Let + O + be + v³

                e.g. –

                Close the window.

                ~let the window be closed.

                Advertise the post.

                ~let the post be advertised.

                Shoot the tiger.

                ~let the tiger be shot.

                Send invitations to all the members.

                ~Let all the members be sent.

                Untie the dog.

                ~let the dog be untied.

                Lock up the gate.

                ~let the gate be locked up.

                Put it on the table.

                ~let it be put on the table.

ⓑ    If there is no object in the Imperative sentence –

Formula –

                You are ordered to + whole sentence

                                e.g. –

                                Come here.

                                ~You are ordered to come here.

                                Go.

                                ~You are ordered to go.

                                Go out.

                                ~You are ordered to go out.

                               

ⓒ    If the Imperative sentence starts with ‘Let’ and there is object in the sentence –

Formula –

                Let + O + be + v³ + by + agent

                                e.g. –

                                Let him do this work.

                                ~let this work be done (by him).

                                Let us settle the matter.

                                ~let the matter be settled (by us).

                                Let me teach her.

                                ~let her be taught by me.

                                Let them make a plan.

                                ~let a plan be made by them.

                                Advice –

ⓐ    If there is advice in the sentence –

Formula –

                O + should + be + v³

                                e.g. –

                                Help the poor.

                                ~the poor should be helped.

                                Revise your lesson.

                                ~Your lesson should be revised.

                                Take medicine in time.

                                ~Medicine should be taken in time.

                                Love children.

                                ~Children should be loved.

                                Read good books.

                                ~Good books should be read.

                                Watch only good serials.

                                ~Only good serials should be watched.

                                Wash the hands before taking lunch.

                                ~The hands should be washed before taking lunch.

ⓑ    If there is no object in the sentence –

Formula –

                You are advised to + whole sentence

                                e.g. –

                                Try again.

                                ~You are advised to try again.

                                Walk carefully.

                                ~You are advised to walk carefully.

                               

ⓒ    If the sentence starts with ‘Let’ and there is proposal in the sentence –

Formula –

                It is suggested that + pronoun in N.C. + should + v¹ – let

                                e.g. –

                                Let us dance.

                                ~It is suggested that we should dance.

                                Let them proceed.

                                ~It is suggested that they should proceed.

                               

                                Request –

ⓐ    If there is request or pray in the sentence –

Formula –

                You are requested to + whole sentence – Please or Kindly

                                e.g. –

                                Please give me your bicycle.

                                ~You are requested to give me your bicycle.

                                Kindly grant me leave for five days.

                                ~You are requested to grant me leave for five days.

                                Please forgive them.

                                ~You are requested to forgive them.

                                Kindly do it at once.

                                ~You are requested to do it at once.

                                Please go out.

                                ~You are requested to go out.

               

                Note –

e.g. –

I requested him to come on time.

~He was requested to come on time.

The receptionist told me to wait for the doctor.

~ I was told to wait for the doctor.

I advised him to consult a doctor.

~He was advised to consult a doctor.

They have ordered you to vacate the house.

~You have been ordered to vacate the house.

                                 

                                Prohibition –

                                                If there is prohibition in the sentence

ⓐ    If there is prohibition in order –

Formula –

                Let + O + not + be + v³

                                e.g. –

                                Don’t open the door.

                                ~Let the door be opened.

                                Don’t shut the window.

                                ~Let the window not be shut.

                                Don’t go there.

                                ~You are ordered not to go there.

                                Don’t come in.

                                ~You are ordered not to come in.

ⓑ    If there is prohibition in advice –

Formula –

                O + should + not + be + v³

                                e.g. –

                                Don’t insult your elders.

                                ~Your elders should not be insulted.

                                Don’t vex the poor.

                                ~The poor should not be vexed.

                               

Without object –

                e.g. –

                Don’t get up let.

                ~You are advised not to get up let.

                Don’t try again.

                ~You are advised not to try again.