ADJECTIVE
Adjective – The
word which qualifies a noun or a pronoun is called an adjective.
e.g.
– obstinate, satiate, insatiate, promising, wicked, niggard, competent,
generous, tasteful, tasteless, burly, slender, lethargic, pretty, angile, energetic,
literate, illiterate, legal, illegal, vigrant, glutton, white, red, blue,
black, violet, green, yellow, orange, brown, pink, many, much, several, common,
mutual, this, that, these, those, few, a few, the few, not a few, each, every,
either, neither, little, a little, the little, not a little, senior, junior, superior,
inferior, latest, last, further, farther, later, latter, oral, verbal, any
digit is adjective etc.
There are ten kinds of adjective –
a)
Adjective of Quality
b)
Adjective of Quantity
c)
Adjective of Number
d)
Demonstrative Adjective
e)
Possessive Adjective
f)
Distributive Adjective
g)
Interrogative Adjective
h)
Proper Adjective
i)
Emphasizing Adjective
j)
Exclamatory Adjective
Adjective of Quality – The adjective which denotes quality of a person or a thing is
called Adjective of Quality.
e.g.
–
good,
bad, weak, strong, kind, cruel, sweet, bitter, thin, fat, long, short, hot,
cold, beautiful, red, brown, etc.
Note: - Adjective of Quality answer the question of
that kind.
Adjective of Quantity – The adjective which denotes the quality or magnitude of a noun is
called an Adjective of Quantity.
e.g.
–
some,
much, little, whole, all, no, any, enough, a lot of, etc.
Note: - Adjective of Quality answer the question how
much.
Ø
Use of ‘some’
& ‘any’ – To express quantity or degree some is
used normally in affirmative sentences, any in negative or interrogative
sentences.
e.g. –
I will buy some mangoes.
I will not buy any mangoes.
Have you bought any mangoes?
Ø
Use of
‘little’ – (not much i.e. hardly any) thus, the adjective
‘little’ has a negative meaning.
e.g. –
There is little hope of his
recovery.
He showed little concern for his
nephew.
He has influence with his old
flowers.
He showed little mercy to the
vanquished.
He has little appreciation of
good poetry.
Ø
Use of ‘a
little’ – ‘some though not much’. ‘A little’ has a
positive meaning.
e.g. –
There is a little hope of his
recovery.
A little fact would have saved
the situation.
A little knowledge is a
dangerous thing.
Ø
Use of ‘the
little’ – not much, but all there is.
e.g. –
The little information he had
was not quite reliable.
The little knowledge of
carpentry that he possessed stood him in good stead.
Ø
Much – denote quantity.
e.g. –
I gave him much money.
Adjective of Number – The adjective which denotes the number of a person or thing is
called Adjective of Number.
e.g.
–
few,
no, many, some, enough, several, all, one, two, first, second, etc.
There are two kinds of Adjective of Number –
i.
Cardinal Number
ii.
Ordinal Number
Cardinal Number – The number which shows the only the number of a person or thing is
said to be cardinal number.
e.g.
–
one,
two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, ………………., many, few, a few, the few,
not a few, etc.
Ordinal Number – The number which shows
the serial number of a person or thing is said to be ordinal number.
e.g.
–
first,
second, third, fourth, fifth, last, next, etc.
Note: - Adjective of number answer the question how
many.
Ø
Use of ‘few’
– not many, hardly any, few has a negative meaning.
e.g. –
Few persons can keep a secret.
Few people are co hopeless as
drunkards.
Few towns in India have public
libraries.
Ø
Use of ‘a
few’ – some, ‘a few’ has a position meaning, and is
opposed to ‘none’.
e.g. –
A few words spoken in earnest
will convince him.
A few Parsees write Gujarati
correctly.
Ø
Use of ‘the
few’ – not many, but all there one.
e.g. –
The few friends he has are all
very poor.
The few clothes they had were
all tattered and torn.
Demonstrative Adjective – The adjective used to point out some person or thing is called a
demonstrative adjective.
e.g.
–
this,
that, these, those & such, so
Possessive Adjective – The adjective which denotes possession or ownership is called possessive
adjective.
e.g.
–
my,
our, your, his, her, its & their
This
is my/your/his/her/their school.
Its
colour is black.
My
mother is ill.
This
is his. This book is his.
Distributive Adjective – The adjective which distributes a noun is called distributive
adjective.
Ø
Use of ‘each’
– refers to one of two or more, and can be used both as
an adjective and as a pronoun.
e.g. –
The two boys had each a book.
The fifteen boys had each a
knife.
A couple of blankets was
supplied to each bed.
The father left an equal share
of his property to each (pronoun) of his sons.
Ø
Use of
‘every’ – refers to one of three or more, and is always
used as an adjective only.
e.g. –
Every boy out of the fifteen
present received a prize.
Every man is accountable to God
for his conduct.
Ø
Use of
‘either’ – Either means the one or the other of two.
e.g. –
Either of the two students has
won the prize.
Ø
Use of
‘neither’ – Neither means not the one nor the other of
two.
e.g. –
Neither of the two students has
won the prize.
Interrogative Adjective – The adjective which is used for asking something about a noun is
called an Interrogative Adjective.
e.g.
–
What
question did the teacher ask?
Which
box is yours?
Whose
book is this?
Proper Adjective – The adjective which is formed with proper noun is called Proper
Adjective.
e.g.
–
Proper
Noun Proper
Adjective
•
America American
•
Assam Assamese
•
Britain British
•
Bihar Bihari
•
Bengal Bengali
•
China Chinese
•
England English
Emphasizing Adjective – Own, very, same, very same, etc. are such adjective as are used to
convey emphasis on the nouns that follow them. Such adjectives are called
emphasizing adjectives.
e.g.
–
I
saw them with my own eyes.
This
is the very book I wanted.
This
is the same book I wanted.
He
lived in the very same house for ten years.
Exclamatory Adjective – ‘What’ is called an exclamatory adjective when it is used as an
adjective in an exclamatory adjective.
e.g.
–
What
folly!
What
an idea!
What
a piece of work is man!
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