NOUN

                                                                       NOUN

Noun – The name of a person, thing, place, animal, bird, river, mountain or feeling is called noun.

                e.g.- boy, girl, student, teacher, man, woman, book, pen, chair, table bicycle, village, town, country, state, cow, dog, horse, camel, buffalo, crow, cuckoo, nightingale, river, the Ganga, mountain, the Himalayas, air, music, kindness, cruelty, sympathy, oldness, childhood, friendship, enmity, benevolence, cowardice, tolerance, beauty, honesty, dishonesty, gentleness, politeness, merriment, sore, ache, maintenance, livelihood, patience, fortitude, crudity,  audacity, encouragement, corruption, courtesy, discipline, stigma, lethargy, ailment, birth, fragrance, arrogance, abhorrence, exertion, penance, solace, appreciation, generosity, appetite, thirst, rudeness, adulteration, paucity, etc.

According to modern old English grammar there are five kinds of noun –

a)      Proper noun

b)     Common noun

c)      Collective noun

d)     Material noun

e)      Abstract noun

Proper noun – The noun which is used for proper sense is called proper noun.

                Or, the noun which shows the particular name of a person, thing, place, animal, river or mountain is called proper noun.

                e.g.- Mohan, Buddha, The Ramayana, the Gita, the Quran, the Bible, the Mahabharata, Manikpur, India, Bihar, France, Jersey cow, the Ganga, T.P. College, the Himalayas, etc.

Error –

Ø  Proper noun always starts with capital letter.

e.g. - ram is my brother.       (û)

         Ram is my brother.       (ü)

         neha is a beautiful girl. (û)

         Neha is a beautiful girl.                (ü)

Ø  The plural of proper noun is not possible.

        e.g. - I met Nehas.    (û)

                  I met Neha.      (ü)

                  I saw Mohan.   (û)

                  I saw Mohan.   (ü)       

Ø  Article is not used before proper noun.

       e.g. - That is a Ram.  (û)        

                That is Ram.      (ü)

                 This is an Amar. (û)     

                 This is Amar.    (ü)

Ø  If proper noun is used in proper sense, then it takes article ‘the’ before them.

      e.g. - She is Lata Mangeshkar of Patna.            (û)

                She is the Lata Mangeshkar of Patna.     (ü)

Common noun – The collect of proper noun is called common noun.

                                Or, the noun which is common to all persons or things of the kind is called common noun.

                e.g. – Mohan + Rohan + Sohan    ⇒   boys

                          Neha + Gita + Rita                 ⇒   girls

                e.g. - boy, man, teacher, pen, chair, bicycle, village, town, country, river, cow, dog, mountain etc.

Error –

Ø  If common noun is the first position in the sentence, it is in capital letter. If it is mid or end, it is in small letter.

e.g. - boys are playing.                   (û)

         Boys are playing.                    (ü)

         All Boys are playing.             (û)

         All boys are playing.             (ü)

Ø  The plural of common noun is possible.

e.g. - boy+s         ―           boys

         girl+s           ―           girls

         school         ―        schools

Ø  If common noun is used in singular form then it takes article ‘a’ or ‘an’.

e.g. - I saw boy.                 (û)

         I saw a boy.               (ü)

         I ate egg.                     (û)

         I ate an egg.               (ü)

Ø  If common noun is used in proper sense then it takes article ‘the’ before them.

e.g. - boys of Madhepura              (û)

          the boys of Madhepura      (ü)

          girls of village                         (û)

          the girls of village                 (ü)

Concrete noun – A concrete noun describes a thing which we can see and that occupies space.

                                e.g. - house, chair, pen are concrete nouns.

               

Collective noun – A group of common noun is called collective noun.

                                Or, the noun which shows a group of persons or things is called collective noun.

                                e.g. - class, family, fair, crowd, bundle, meeting, council, board, assembly, parliament, society, community, jury, suit, suite, group of boys, bevy of girls, flock of sheep, heard of cattle, caravan of travelers, bunch of keys, team of players, team of writers, set of stars, series of books, fliet of ships, gang of robbers, gang of thieves, gang of cheaters, heap of sand etc.

Error –

Ø  The plural of collective noun is possible.

e.g.- class+s        ―        classes

         meeting+s―         meetings

Pure collective noun – A collective noun which denotes person or thing is called pure collective noun.

                                e.g. - a group of boys, a bunch of keys, a bundle of books etc.   

         

Error –

Ø  Pure collective noun always takes singular verb.

e.g. – A bundle of books is on the table.

          A bundle of books are on the table.

Ø  The English of ‘apna’ is it in pure collective noun.

e.g. – A group of boys is doing their works.         (û)

          A group of boys is doing its work. (ü)

Ø  Noun after pure collective noun is always plural but it takes singular verb.

e.g. – A group of girls are reading.            (û)

           A group of girls is reading.               (ü)

Noun of multitude – The noun which denotes separation is called is called Noun of multitude.

                                or, Noun of Multitude denotes separation.

                                e.g. – meeting, parliament, etc.

Error –

Ø  Noun of multitude always takes plural verb.

e.g. – Meetings are on this issues.             (û)

          Meetings is on this issues.  (ü)

Material noun – The noun which denotes matter is called material noun.

                                or, The noun which is weighed or measured but it cannot be counted is called material noun.

e.g. – oil, petrol, diesel, Mobil, gram, wheat, flower, paddy, butter, curd, sugar, cement, sand, gold, silver, barley, blood, etc.

Error –  

Ø  The plural of material noun is not possible.

e.g. – I have golds.           (û)

          I have gold.              (ü)

Ø  If an adjective is used before material noun then it takes article a before them.

e.g. – I have yellow gold.              (û)

          I have a yellow gold.            (ü)

Ø  If material noun is used in proper sense then it takes article ‘the’ before them.

e.g. – Gold of my ring is bright.                 (û)

          The gold of my ring is bright.          (ü)

Abstract noun – The noun which cannot be seen nor be touched but it can be felt is called abstract noun.

                                or, The noun which shows some quality, nature, state or religion of a person or thing is called abstract noun.

                                e.g. – penury, mellifluence, faint, forbearance, fortitude, enthusiasm, menace, goodness, kindness, darkness, foolishness, greatness, sickness, weakness, richness, sweetness, honesty, bravery, wisdom, beauty, truth, laughter, love, sleep, death, youth, poverty, heat, boyhood, childhood, friendship, grammar, physics, chemistry, music, history, etc.

Error –

Ø  The plural of abstract noun is not possible.

e.g. – You have knowledges.                      (û)

           You have knowledge.                         (ü)

Ø  Article is not used before abstract noun.

e.g. – You have a knowledge.                     (û)

           You have knowledge.                         (ü)

Ø  If an adjective is used before abstract noun, then it takes article ‘a’ or ‘an’ before them.

e.g. – You have a good knowledge of English.                    (û)

          You have a good knowledge of English.                     (ü)

Ø  If abstract noun is used in proper sense then it takes article ‘the’ before them.

e.g. – knowledge of Megha is good.                         (û)

          The knowledge of Megha is good.                 (ü)

According to modern English grammar there are three kinds of noun –                                                                                                                                                 

(a)   Proper noun

(b)  Countable noun

(c)   Uncountable noun

Proper noun – The noun which can be counted by one, two, three … is called countable noun.

                                e.g. – pen, book, boy, girl, bench, etc.

Count + able + noun

                                               

                               

Uncountable noun – The noun which cannot be counted by one, two, three … is called uncountable noun.

                                e.g. – water, air, milk, oil, etc.

Un + count + able + noun