NUMBER
Number – The noun or pronoun which shows the
number of a person or thing is said to be number.
e.g.
– boy, boys, child, children, lady, ladies, tooth, teeth, I, we, this, these,
that, those, etc.
There are two kinds of number –
a)
Singular number
b)
Plural number
Singular number – The noun or pronoun which shows the
number of one person or thing is said to be singular number.
e.g.
– student, bench, bicycle, eye, watch, I, he, she, it, this, that, etc.
Plural number – The noun or pronoun which shows the
number of two or more than two persons or things is said to be plural number.
e.g.
– students, benches, bicycles, eyes, we, they, these, those, etc.
Rules of changing Singular to Plural –
There
are following rules of changing Singular to Plural –
i.
Only the plural of countable
nouns is formed, the plural of proper nouns and uncountable nouns is not
formed.
e.g. –
singular plural
•
Student students
•
House houses
•
Bicycle bicycles
•
Tree trees
•
Class classes
•
Family families
•
Ram X
•
Patna X
•
Oldness X
•
Honesty X
•
Gold X
•
Rice X
ii.
Generally the plural of a
singular noun is formed by adding ‘s’ in the last.
e.g. –
singular plural
•
House houses
•
Pen pens
•
Book books
•
Tree trees
iii.
If there is ‘s’, ‘ss’, ‘sh’,
‘ch’, ‘x’ or ‘z’ in the last of a singular noun, plural is formed by adding
‘es’ in the last.
e.g. –
singular plural
•
Bus buses
•
Class classes
•
Bush bushes
•
Bench benches
•
Box boxes
•
Topaz topazes
iv.
If there is ‘ch’ is in the last
of singular noun but the Hindi pronunciation of that ‘ch’ is ‘k’, plural is
formed by adding ‘s’ in the last.
e.g. –
singular plural
•
Stomach stomachs
•
Monarch monarchs
v.
If there is ‘y’ in the last of
a singular noun, and there is a vowel before that ‘y’ plural is formed by
adding ‘s’ in the last.
e.g. –
singular plural
•
Boy boys
•
Toy toys
•
Key keys
•
Bay bays
vi.
If there is ‘y’ in the last of
a singular noun and there is a consonant before that ‘y’, plural is formed by
removing that ‘y’ and adding ‘ies’.
e.g. –
singular plural
•
Country countries
•
Lady ladies
•
Baby babies
•
City cities
•
Fly flies
vii.
If there is ‘f’ or ‘fe’ in the
last of a singular noun, plural is formed by removing that ‘f’ or ‘fe’ and
adding ‘ves’ in the last.
e.g. –
singular plural
•
Wife wives
•
Life lives
•
Thief thieves
•
Leaf leaves
•
Loaf loaves
Note: – There are some exceptions to
this rule – roof, proof, chief, handkerchief, scarf, dwarf, gulf, etc. the
plural of these nouns is formed by adding ‘s’ in the last.
viii.
If there is ‘o’ in the last of
a singular noun and there is a consonant before that ‘o’, plural is formed by
adding ‘s’ in the last.
e.g. –
singular plural
•
Radio radios
•
Cuckoo cuckoos
•
Bamboo bamboos
•
Zoo zoos
ix.
If there is ‘o’ in the last of
a singular noun and there is a consonant before that ‘o’, plural is formed by
adding ‘es’ in the last.
e.g. –
singular plural
•
Mango mangoes
•
Hero heroes
•
Mosquito mosquitoes
x.
The plural of compound nouns is
formed by adding ‘s’ in the last of the main noun.
e.g. –
singular plural
•
Father-in-law fathers-in-law
•
Step-son step-sons
•
Passer-bye passers-bye
xi.
If there is ‘full’ in the last
of a singular noun, plural is formed by adding ‘s’ in the last.
e.g. –
singular plural
•
Handful handfuls
•
Spoonful spoonfuls
•
Cupfull cupfulls
•
Glassful glassfulls
xii.
Some nouns look singular but in
actually they are plural and also used as plural.
e.g. –
people, police, cattle, public,
traffic, data, etc.
xiii.
Some nouns are in actually
plural but they are used both as singular and plural.
e.g. –
sheep, deer, government, dozen,
cannon, etc.
xiv.
Some nouns are always singular
and also used as singular.
e.g. –
information, poetry (collection
of poems = poetry), furniture, expenditure, scenery, alphabet, compass, etc.
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